Islam Basics
ISLAM is the world's second-largest religion (~1.9 billion adherents). Founded by PROPHET MUHAMMAD in 7th-century Arabia. Muhammad received revelations from God (ALLAH) over 23 years; these became the QURAN — the central scripture. Islam means "submission to God." Islam shares roots with Judaism and Christianity (all three are "Abrahamic" religions tracing to Abraham).
The Five Pillars. (1) SHAHADAH: declaration of faith. (2) SALAH: prayer 5 times daily, facing Mecca. (3) ZAKAT: charity (~2.5% of wealth annually to those in need). (4) SAWM: fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. (5) HAJJ: pilgrimage to Mecca at least once if able. These pillars structure the faith.
Which is the holiest city in Islam, where the prophet Muhammad was born and where Muslims face when they pray?
Major branches. SUNNI (~85% of Muslims): emphasizes consensus and Muhammad's companions. SHIA (~15%): emphasizes leadership through Muhammad's family (especially his cousin Ali). SUFI: a mystical tradition emphasizing direct experience of God. Like other religions, Islam has internal diversity — different cultures, denominations, schools of jurisprudence (madhabs).
Architectural Beauty
Look up images of Islamic architecture: Alhambra (Spain), Blue Mosque (Turkey), Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem), Taj Mahal (India). Geometric patterns, calligraphy, and gardens are signature elements.
Islam has shaped much of the world for 1,400 years — North Africa, Middle East, much of Asia.
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